diff --git a/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp b/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
index 09f464d9b..11a3ff06f 100644
--- a/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[])
     executor->spin();
 
     rclcpp::shutdown();
-  } catch (rclcpp_components::ComponentManagerException & ex) {
-    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     close(agnocast::agnocast_fd);
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   } catch (...) {
diff --git a/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp b/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
index e61e83e92..8ce7b1d82 100644
--- a/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocast_components/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[])
     executor->spin();
 
     rclcpp::shutdown();
-  } catch (rclcpp_components::ComponentManagerException & ex) {
-    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     close(agnocast::agnocast_fd);
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   } catch (...) {
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_info.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_info.hpp
index 13b66fbf7..879e16e70 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_info.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_info.hpp
@@ -69,10 +69,8 @@ TypeErasedCallback get_erased_callback(Func && callback)
       auto && typed_arg = static_cast<TypedMessagePtr<T> &&>(arg);
       callback(std::move(typed_arg).get());
     } else {
-      RCLCPP_ERROR(
-        logger, "Agnocast internal implementation error: bad allocation when callback is called");
-      close(agnocast_fd);
-      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+        "Agnocast internal implementation error: bad allocation when callback is called");
     }
   };
 }
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
index 3ecc2c2e3..0f139db96 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ class CallbackIsolatedAgnocastExecutor : public rclcpp::Executor
     std::owner_less<rclcpp::CallbackGroup::WeakPtr>>
     weak_groups_to_nodes_ RCPPUTILS_TSA_GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
 
+  std::atomic<bool> worker_thread_failed_{false};
+
   // Mutex to protect weak_child_executors_ and child_threads_
   mutable std::mutex child_resources_mutex_;
 
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
index 90b0dae75..89115b937 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "agnocast/agnocast_executor.hpp"
 #include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <chrono>
 
 namespace agnocast
@@ -19,6 +20,8 @@ class MultiThreadedAgnocastExecutor : public agnocast::AgnocastExecutor
   std::chrono::nanoseconds ros2_next_exec_timeout_;
   const int agnocast_next_exec_timeout_ms_;
 
+  std::atomic<bool> worker_thread_failed_{false};
+
   void ros2_spin();
   void agnocast_spin();
   bool validate_callback_group(const rclcpp::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr & group) const override;
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_publisher.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_publisher.hpp
index b08a561f3..0d868ef8a 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_publisher.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_publisher.hpp
@@ -175,9 +175,7 @@ class BasicPublisher
   void publish(ipc_shared_ptr<MessageT> && message)
   {
     if (!message || topic_name_ != message.get_topic_name()) {
-      RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Invalid message to publish.");
-      close(agnocast_fd);
-      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid message to publish.");
     }
 
     // Capture raw pointer BEFORE invalidation (get() returns nullptr after invalidation).
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_subscription.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_subscription.hpp
index 641462f4f..c3ba930f4 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_subscription.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/agnocast_subscription.hpp
@@ -60,9 +60,8 @@ rclcpp::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr get_valid_callback_group(
 
   if (callback_group) {
     if (!node->get_node_base_interface()->callback_group_in_node(callback_group)) {
-      RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Cannot create agnocast subscription, callback group not in node.");
-      close(agnocast_fd);
-      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      throw std::invalid_argument(
+        "Cannot create agnocast subscription, callback group not in node.");
     }
   } else {
     callback_group = node->get_node_base_interface()->get_default_callback_group();
@@ -296,9 +295,7 @@ class BasicTakeSubscription : public SubscriptionBase
       std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mmap_mtx);
 
       if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_TAKE_MSG_CMD, &take_args) < 0) {
-        RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_TAKE_MSG_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-        close(agnocast_fd);
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("AGNOCAST_TAKE_MSG_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
       }
 
       for (uint32_t i = 0; i < take_args.ret_pub_shm_num; i++) {
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
index 3c755ee32..b10186de8 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.hpp
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ class AgnocastOnlyCallbackIsolatedExecutor : public AgnocastOnlyExecutor
   std::mutex callback_group_created_cv_mutex_;
   bool callback_group_created_{false};
 
+  std::atomic<bool> worker_thread_failed_{false};
+
   // Mutex to protect weak_child_executors_ and child_threads_
   mutable std::mutex child_resources_mutex_;
 
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.hpp b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
index 93901a194..2e386ab96 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/include/agnocast/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.hpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ class AgnocastOnlyMultiThreadedExecutor : public AgnocastOnlyExecutor
   bool yield_before_execute_;
   const int next_exec_timeout_ms_;
 
+  std::atomic<bool> worker_thread_failed_{false};
+
   void agnocast_spin();
 
 public:
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_info.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_info.cpp
index 244889f7b..92b9ceba5 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_info.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_info.cpp
@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ void receive_and_execute_message(
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mmap_mtx);
 
     if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_RECEIVE_MSG_CMD, &receive_args) < 0) {
-      RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_RECEIVE_MSG_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-      close(agnocast_fd);
-      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+      throw std::runtime_error(std::string("AGNOCAST_RECEIVE_MSG_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
     }
 
     // Map the shared memory region with read permissions whenever a new publisher is discovered.
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
index 86125be41..f04098f76 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ void CallbackIsolatedAgnocastExecutor::spin()
 
       weak_child_executors_.push_back(executor);
 
-      child_threads_.emplace_back([executor, callback_group_id = std::move(callback_group_id),
+      child_threads_.emplace_back([this, executor, callback_group_id = std::move(callback_group_id),
                                    &client_publisher, &client_publisher_mutex]() {
         auto tid = static_cast<pid_t>(syscall(SYS_gettid));
 
@@ -98,7 +98,13 @@ void CallbackIsolatedAgnocastExecutor::spin()
           agnocast::publish_callback_group_info(client_publisher, tid, callback_group_id);
         }
 
-        executor->spin();
+        try {
+          executor->spin();
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+          RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Exception in agnocast child executor thread: %s", e.what());
+          worker_thread_failed_.store(true);
+          spinning.store(false);
+        }
       });
     };
 
@@ -173,6 +179,10 @@ void CallbackIsolatedAgnocastExecutor::spin()
   }
   child_threads_.clear();
   weak_child_executors_.clear();
+
+  if (worker_thread_failed_.load()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Exception occurred in agnocast child executor thread");
+  }
 }
 
 void CallbackIsolatedAgnocastExecutor::add_callback_group(
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_client.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_client.cpp
index 62d89250a..f6c0ae5d8 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_client.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_client.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ uint32_t get_agnocast_sub_count(const std::string & topic_name)
   topic_info_args.topic_info_ret_buffer_addr = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(topic_info_buffer.data());
   topic_info_args.topic_info_ret_buffer_size = MAX_TOPIC_INFO_RET_NUM;
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_GET_TOPIC_SUBSCRIBER_INFO_CMD, &topic_info_args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_GET_TOPIC_SUBSCRIBER_INFO_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+      std::string("AGNOCAST_GET_TOPIC_SUBSCRIBER_INFO_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   return topic_info_args.ret_topic_info_ret_num;
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
index 12d65b92c..e76428591 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container.cpp
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[])
     executor->spin();
 
     rclcpp::shutdown();
-  } catch (rclcpp_components::ComponentManagerException & ex) {
-    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     close(agnocast::agnocast_fd);
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   } catch (...) {
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
index b4173f022..8f2de381f 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_component_container_mt.cpp
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[])
     executor->spin();
 
     rclcpp::shutdown();
-  } catch (rclcpp_components::ComponentManagerException & ex) {
-    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << ex.what() << std::endl;
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    std::cerr << "Exception caught in main: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     close(agnocast::agnocast_fd);
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
   } catch (...) {
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
index 9f7c53b61..7aa6bfd68 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,10 @@ void MultiThreadedAgnocastExecutor::spin()
   for (auto & thread : threads) {
     thread.join();
   }
+
+  if (worker_thread_failed_.load()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Exception occurred in agnocast worker thread");
+  }
 }
 
 void MultiThreadedAgnocastExecutor::ros2_spin()
@@ -155,30 +159,36 @@ void MultiThreadedAgnocastExecutor::ros2_spin()
 
 void MultiThreadedAgnocastExecutor::agnocast_spin()
 {
-  while (rclcpp::ok(this->context_) && spinning.load()) {
-    if (need_epoll_updates.load()) {
-      prepare_epoll();
-    }
+  try {
+    while (rclcpp::ok(this->context_) && spinning.load()) {
+      if (need_epoll_updates.load()) {
+        prepare_epoll();
+      }
 
-    agnocast::AgnocastExecutable agnocast_executable;
+      agnocast::AgnocastExecutable agnocast_executable;
 
-    if (!rclcpp::ok(this->context_) || !spinning.load()) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // Unlike a single-threaded executor, in a multi-threaded executor, each thread is dedicated to
-    // handling either ROS 2 callbacks or Agnocast callbacks exclusively.
-    // Given this separation, get_next_agnocast_executable() can block indefinitely without a
-    // timeout. However, since we need to periodically check for epoll updates, we should implement
-    // a long timeout period instead of an infinite block.
-    if (get_next_agnocast_executable(
-          agnocast_executable, agnocast_next_exec_timeout_ms_ /* timed-blocking*/)) {
-      if (yield_before_execute_) {
-        std::this_thread::yield();
+      if (!rclcpp::ok(this->context_) || !spinning.load()) {
+        return;
       }
 
-      execute_agnocast_executable(agnocast_executable);
+      // Unlike a single-threaded executor, in a multi-threaded executor, each thread is dedicated
+      // to handling either ROS 2 callbacks or Agnocast callbacks exclusively. Given this
+      // separation, get_next_agnocast_executable() can block indefinitely without a timeout.
+      // However, since we need to periodically check for epoll updates, we should implement a long
+      // timeout period instead of an infinite block.
+      if (get_next_agnocast_executable(
+            agnocast_executable, agnocast_next_exec_timeout_ms_ /* timed-blocking*/)) {
+        if (yield_before_execute_) {
+          std::this_thread::yield();
+        }
+
+        execute_agnocast_executable(agnocast_executable);
+      }
     }
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Exception in agnocast worker thread: %s", e.what());
+    worker_thread_failed_.store(true);
+    spinning.store(false);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_publisher.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_publisher.cpp
index 00f9538a5..6ee058945 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_publisher.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_publisher.cpp
@@ -32,11 +32,8 @@ void increment_borrowed_publisher_num()
 void decrement_borrowed_publisher_num()
 {
   if (borrowed_publisher_num == 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(
-      logger,
+    throw std::logic_error(
       "The number of publish() called exceeds the number of borrow_loaned_message() called.");
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }
   borrowed_publisher_num--;
 }
@@ -54,9 +51,7 @@ topic_local_id_t initialize_publisher(
   pub_args.qos_is_transient_local = qos.durability() == rclcpp::DurabilityPolicy::TransientLocal;
   pub_args.is_bridge = is_bridge;
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_ADD_PUBLISHER_CMD, &pub_args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_ADD_PUBLISHER_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("AGNOCAST_ADD_PUBLISHER_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   return pub_args.ret_id;
@@ -80,9 +75,7 @@ union ioctl_publish_msg_args publish_core(
   publish_msg_args.subscriber_ids_buffer_size = MAX_SUBSCRIBER_NUM;
 
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_PUBLISH_MSG_CMD, &publish_msg_args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_PUBLISH_MSG_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("AGNOCAST_PUBLISH_MSG_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   TRACEPOINT(agnocast_publish, publisher_handle, publish_msg_args.ret_entry_id);
@@ -152,9 +145,8 @@ uint32_t get_subscription_count_core(const std::string & topic_name)
   union ioctl_get_subscriber_num_args args = {};
   args.topic_name = {topic_name.c_str(), topic_name.size()};
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD, &args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+      std::string("AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   uint32_t inter_count = args.ret_other_process_subscriber_num;
@@ -177,9 +169,8 @@ uint32_t get_intra_subscription_count_core(const std::string & topic_name)
   union ioctl_get_subscriber_num_args get_subscriber_count_args = {};
   get_subscriber_count_args.topic_name = {topic_name.c_str(), topic_name.size()};
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD, &get_subscriber_count_args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+      std::string("AGNOCAST_GET_SUBSCRIBER_NUM_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   return get_subscriber_count_args.ret_same_process_subscriber_num;
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_subscription.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_subscription.cpp
index 28548221f..7961a565c 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_subscription.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/agnocast_subscription.cpp
@@ -32,9 +32,7 @@ union ioctl_add_subscriber_args SubscriptionBase::initialize(
   add_subscriber_args.ignore_local_publications = ignore_local_publications;
   add_subscriber_args.is_bridge = is_bridge;
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_ADD_SUBSCRIBER_CMD, &add_subscriber_args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_ADD_SUBSCRIBER_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("AGNOCAST_ADD_SUBSCRIBER_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   return add_subscriber_args;
@@ -45,9 +43,8 @@ uint32_t get_publisher_count_core(const std::string & topic_name)
   union ioctl_get_publisher_num_args args = {};
   args.topic_name = {topic_name.c_str(), topic_name.size()};
   if (ioctl(agnocast_fd, AGNOCAST_GET_PUBLISHER_NUM_CMD, &args) < 0) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "AGNOCAST_GET_PUBLISHER_NUM_CMD failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+      std::string("AGNOCAST_GET_PUBLISHER_NUM_CMD failed: ") + strerror(errno));
   }
 
   uint32_t count = args.ret_publisher_num;
@@ -79,12 +76,9 @@ mqd_t open_mq_for_subscription(
   const int mq_mode = 0666;
   mqd_t mq = mq_open(mq_name.c_str(), O_CREAT | O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK, mq_mode, &attr);
   if (mq == -1) {
-    RCLCPP_ERROR_STREAM(
-      logger, "mq_open failed for topic '" << topic_name << "' (subscriber_id=" << subscriber_id
-                                           << ", mq_name='" << mq_name
-                                           << "'): " << strerror(errno));
-    close(agnocast_fd);
-    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+      "mq_open failed for topic '" + topic_name + "' (subscriber_id=" +
+      std::to_string(subscriber_id) + ", mq_name='" + mq_name + "'): " + strerror(errno));
   }
   mq_subscription = std::make_pair(mq, mq_name);
 
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
index 1952cb577..c207161bd 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_callback_isolated_executor.cpp
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ void AgnocastOnlyCallbackIsolatedExecutor::spin()
 
       weak_child_executors_.push_back(agnocast_executor);
 
-      child_threads_.emplace_back([executor = std::move(agnocast_executor),
+      child_threads_.emplace_back([this, executor = std::move(agnocast_executor),
                                    callback_group_id = std::move(callback_group_id),
                                    &client_publisher, &client_publisher_mutex]() {
         auto tid = static_cast<pid_t>(syscall(SYS_gettid));
@@ -102,7 +102,13 @@ void AgnocastOnlyCallbackIsolatedExecutor::spin()
           agnocast::publish_callback_group_info(client_publisher, tid, callback_group_id);
         }
 
-        executor->spin();
+        try {
+          executor->spin();
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+          RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Exception in agnocast child executor thread: %s", e.what());
+          worker_thread_failed_.store(true);
+          spinning_.store(false);
+        }
       });
     };
 
@@ -182,6 +188,10 @@ void AgnocastOnlyCallbackIsolatedExecutor::spin()
   }
   child_threads_.clear();
   weak_child_executors_.clear();
+
+  if (worker_thread_failed_.load()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Exception occurred in agnocast child executor thread");
+  }
 }
 
 void AgnocastOnlyCallbackIsolatedExecutor::cancel()
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
index ace74a504..f145f2399 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/src/node/agnocast_only_multi_threaded_executor.cpp
@@ -42,43 +42,53 @@ void AgnocastOnlyMultiThreadedExecutor::spin()
   for (auto & thread : threads) {
     thread.join();
   }
+
+  if (worker_thread_failed_.load()) {
+    throw std::runtime_error("Exception occurred in agnocast worker thread");
+  }
 }
 
 void AgnocastOnlyMultiThreadedExecutor::agnocast_spin()
 {
-  while (spinning_.load()) {
-    if (need_epoll_updates.load()) {
-      add_callback_groups_from_nodes_associated_to_executor();
-      agnocast::prepare_epoll_impl(
-        epoll_fd_, my_pid_, ready_agnocast_executables_mutex_, ready_agnocast_executables_,
-        [this](const rclcpp::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr & group) {
-          return is_callback_group_associated(group);
-        });
-    }
+  try {
+    while (spinning_.load()) {
+      if (need_epoll_updates.load()) {
+        add_callback_groups_from_nodes_associated_to_executor();
+        agnocast::prepare_epoll_impl(
+          epoll_fd_, my_pid_, ready_agnocast_executables_mutex_, ready_agnocast_executables_,
+          [this](const rclcpp::CallbackGroup::SharedPtr & group) {
+            return is_callback_group_associated(group);
+          });
+      }
 
-    agnocast::AgnocastExecutable agnocast_executable;
+      agnocast::AgnocastExecutable agnocast_executable;
 
-    if (!spinning_.load()) {
-      return;
-    }
-
-    // As each thread is dedicated to handling Agnocast callbacks, get_next_agnocast_executable()
-    // can block indefinitely without a timeout. However, since we need to periodically check for
-    // epoll updates, we should implement a long timeout period instead of an infinite block.
-    bool shutdown_detected = false;
-    if (get_next_agnocast_executable(
-          agnocast_executable, next_exec_timeout_ms_ /* timed-blocking*/, shutdown_detected)) {
-      if (yield_before_execute_) {
-        std::this_thread::yield();
+      if (!spinning_.load()) {
+        return;
       }
 
-      execute_agnocast_executable(agnocast_executable);
-    }
+      // As each thread is dedicated to handling Agnocast callbacks, get_next_agnocast_executable()
+      // can block indefinitely without a timeout. However, since we need to periodically check for
+      // epoll updates, we should implement a long timeout period instead of an infinite block.
+      bool shutdown_detected = false;
+      if (get_next_agnocast_executable(
+            agnocast_executable, next_exec_timeout_ms_ /* timed-blocking*/, shutdown_detected)) {
+        if (yield_before_execute_) {
+          std::this_thread::yield();
+        }
+
+        execute_agnocast_executable(agnocast_executable);
+      }
 
-    if (shutdown_detected) {
-      spinning_.store(false);
-      return;
+      if (shutdown_detected) {
+        spinning_.store(false);
+        return;
+      }
     }
+  } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+    RCLCPP_ERROR(logger, "Exception in agnocast worker thread: %s", e.what());
+    worker_thread_failed_.store(true);
+    spinning_.store(false);
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_agnocast_subscription.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_agnocast_subscription.cpp
index 9c787fe8b..14eec5ad1 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_agnocast_subscription.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_agnocast_subscription.cpp
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@ TEST_F(GetValidCallbackGroupTest, get_valid_callback_group_not_in_node)
   options.callback_group =
     other_node->create_callback_group(rclcpp::CallbackGroupType::MutuallyExclusive);
 
-  EXPECT_EXIT(
-    agnocast::get_valid_callback_group(node.get(), options),
-    ::testing::ExitedWithCode(EXIT_FAILURE),
-    "Cannot create agnocast subscription, callback group not in node.");
+  EXPECT_THROW(agnocast::get_valid_callback_group(node.get(), options), std::invalid_argument);
 }
 
 TEST_F(GetValidCallbackGroupTest, get_valid_callback_group_nullptr)
diff --git a/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_mocked_agnocast.cpp b/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_mocked_agnocast.cpp
index 175040e2a..45b2ba03e 100644
--- a/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_mocked_agnocast.cpp
+++ b/src/agnocastlib/test/unit/test_mocked_agnocast.cpp
@@ -107,9 +107,7 @@ TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_null_message)
   agnocast::ipc_shared_ptr<std_msgs::msg::Int32> message;
 
   // Act & Assert
-  EXPECT_EXIT(
-    dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(message)), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(EXIT_FAILURE),
-    "Invalid message to publish.");
+  EXPECT_THROW(dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(message)), std::invalid_argument);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_already_published_message)
@@ -119,9 +117,7 @@ TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_already_published_message)
   dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(message));
 
   // Act & Assert
-  EXPECT_EXIT(
-    dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(message)), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(EXIT_FAILURE),
-    "Invalid message to publish.");
+  EXPECT_THROW(dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(message)), std::invalid_argument);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_different_message)
@@ -135,9 +131,7 @@ TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_different_message)
   agnocast::ipc_shared_ptr<std_msgs::msg::Int32> message = dummy_publisher->borrow_loaned_message();
 
   // Act & Assert
-  EXPECT_EXIT(
-    dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(diff_message)), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(EXIT_FAILURE),
-    "Invalid message to publish.");
+  EXPECT_THROW(dummy_publisher->publish(std::move(diff_message)), std::invalid_argument);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AgnocastPublisherTest, test_publish_loan_num_and_pub_num_mismatch)
@@ -542,9 +536,7 @@ TEST_F(AgnocastCallbackInfoTest, get_erased_callback_invalid_type)
   // Act & Assert
   agnocast::TypeErasedCallback erased_callback =
     agnocast::get_erased_callback<float>(float_callback);
-  EXPECT_EXIT(
-    erased_callback(std::move(int_arg)), ::testing::ExitedWithCode(EXIT_FAILURE),
-    "Agnocast internal implementation error: bad allocation when callback is called");
+  EXPECT_THROW(erased_callback(std::move(int_arg)), std::runtime_error);
 }
 
 TEST_F(AgnocastCallbackInfoTest, get_erased_callback_const_ptr)